About the "Cougar" or "Mountain Lion"
Cougar, mountain lion, puma, and panther are all the same species, which is known to scientists as Felis concolor. This animal is one of only three wild felids (the general name for any member of the cat family) native to Canada; it is larger than the other two, the bobcat and the lynx, and has a much longer tail.
Cougar, Mt. Lion Physical characteristics
The cougar is the second largest cat in the New World. Like all cats, it has a lithe, muscular, compact, and deep-chested body, with a rounded and shortened head. Its whiskers are well developed and its eyes are large. One of the cougar's distinctive characteristics is its long tail, which is useful for balance.
Cougars vary considerably in size and weight. Among all races, adult males typically weigh 1.4 times more than females. Total body lengths of adult male cougars are slightly more than 2m and of adult females, slightly less than 2m.
The North American cougar's normal colour is reddish tawny or tawny grey to dark chocolate brown. The backs of the ears and the tip of the tail are black, and there are black markings on the face. The kittens are spotted at birth, but the spots disappear before the end of their first year.
Like all members of the cat family, cougars have five digits on the forepaw and four on the hindpaw. Each digit is equipped with a claw, which the cougar sheathes while walking, but which it uses with deadly effectiveness when grasping its prey. The front feet and claws are larger than their counterparts in the rear.
Male cougars usually have large home ranges that do not overlap the territories of other males but overlap the ranges of several females. In areas where prey are migratory, cougars may have more than one home range. Even where their home ranges overlap, cougars avoid each other. Adults of both sexes travel alone, except when mating or when adult females are accompanied by their kittens.
Life history
Cougars are polygamous. A male with a large home range is able to breed a large number of females.
A resident male usually attempts to maintain exclusive breeding rights with females within his area.
Normally a silent hunter, the cougar, like any cat, becomes vocal when ready to breed. Cougars do not breed in any special season, and the young may be born at any time of the year.
Habitat and food
Cougars hunt mule deer, white-tailed deer, elk, and moose calves, where they are available, although as opportunistic predators they eat many other species of mammals and birds. In some areas, cougars prey on bighorn sheep. When cougars hunt smaller mammals, they take porcupine, beaver, coyote, snowshoe hare, and ground squirrels.
Like all cats, cougars hunt more by sight and hearing than by scent. They stalk their prey to within two or three great leaps and then launch a lightning-fast charge that ends with the cougar striking the prey with the full impact of the charge and bearing it to the ground.
Cougars are extremely elusive and usually avoid direct contact with people. Masters of camouflage, they often remain hidden when approached closely on foot. While tracking a cougar one winter day, a researcher stepped within 1 m of its hiding place beneath a large spruce tree, before the cat exploded from beneath it, heading away. Tracks in the snow are usually the only sign of the passage of the rarely seen cougar.
We harvest Lion to maintain species and environmental balance.